Effects of orders of addition in nanocellulose–cationic starch– colloidal silica systems for papermaking

Two orders of addition were compared when preparing paper handsheets from recycled copy furnish in combination with nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), cationic starch, colloidal silica, and retention aid (cPAM; polyacrylamide). Faster dewatering higher fine-particle obtained at equal optimized dosages additives the silica was added last, after cPAM. The same order also provided a gain paper’s tensile strength. However, stiffness achieved instead to NFC, its pretreatment starch. Results consistent principle that papermaking shortly before sheetforming tend have largest effects on drainage retention. results demonstrated sensitivity relative positively negatively charged additives.